Course Descriptions

ABP 260 Questions of Faith and Ethics (3 SH)

This course provides students with conversational space to wrestle with questions of how to live meaningfully. Diverse readings from faith and non-faith perspectives equip students to consider how to pursue a good life and introduce them to some of what makes Anabaptists distinctive. Through lectures, discussions, activities, and small, student-led dialogue groups, students will learn to identify and articulate differences between a range of responses to each question, and develop and argue for their own view in conversation with the readings, their social context, and their own individual experience. This course is recommended for students in their second year, but second-semester first-year students may register for it.

ABP 360 Good Questions (1 SH)

In this 1 SH practicum course, students lead dialogue groups for ABP 260. Weekly student-led dialogue groups cultivate belonging and intercultural communication in ABP 260. The practicum includes training, creating plans for weekly dialogues, and dialogue leadership. Prerequisite: ABP 260.
Core: CE

ACTG 221 Financial Accounting (3 SH)

A first course in accounting for business majors and minors as well as a useful introduction to accounting principles and practices and to interpreting financial statements for students in all majors. No background in accounting is assumed. The course includes a description and derivation of financial statements prepared by accountants and a discussion of a conceptual framework which provides rationale for accounting practices.

ACTG 222 Managerial Accounting (3 SH)

This course provides a conceptual understanding of the elements of accounting for management planning, budgeting, control and decision-making. Topics include cost behavior, cost systems, CVP analysis, activity-based costing/ management, and capital budgeting. Prerequisite: ACTG 221.

ACTG 321 Intermediate Accounting I (3 SH)

A comprehensive study of the methods of financial accounting. Special emphasis is given to the theoretical basis for accounting. Topics include: time value of money, financial statements, accounting cycle, and accounting for current assets. Prerequisite: ACTG 222 and competency in Excel. (Fall 2025)

ACTG 322 Intermediate Accounting II (3 SH)

Continuation of ACTG 321. Continued study of theory covering such topics as fixed assets, current and long-term liabilities, investments, error analysis, revenue recognition, and statement of cash flow. Prerequisite: ACTG 321. (Spring 2026)

ACTG 341 Cost Accounting (3 SH)

Methods and procedures of ascertaining and distributing the costs of production materials, labor and overhead, the securing of unit costs under job order, and process methods of production. Prerequisite: ACTG 222 and competency in Excel. (Spring 2026)

ACTG 421 Federal Income Tax (3 SH)

Emphasis on income tax provisions as they relate to individuals. There is some emphasis on tax provisions affecting businesses. Prerequisite: ACTG 222. (Fall 2024)

ACTG 422 Intermediate Accounting III (3 SH)

Continuation of ACTG 322. Topics covered are issues related to intangible assets, income tax accounting, accounting for leases, shareholder equity, dilutive securities and an introduction to some advanced accounting topics. Prerequisite: ACTG 322. (Fall 2024)
Core: WI

ACTG 432 Advanced Accounting (2 SH)

A study of advanced accounting procedures as they apply to business combinations. Other topics include partnership accounting and foreign currency transactions including hedging and foreign currency financial statement translation. Prerequisite: ACTG 422. (Spring 2025)

ACTG 433 Nonprofit and Government Reporting (2 SH)

Emphasizes accounting issues unique to nonprofit organizations, including non-exchange transactions and lack of ownership interest. Content coverage also includes accounting and reporting for state and local governments and other nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). (Spring 2025)

ACTG 445 Seminar in Accounting (2 SH)

This course is the culmination of theory, designed to synchronize concepts learned in the accounting curriculum while incorporating practical application. Taken during the senior year, this course will focus on current issues in accounting and best practices in industry through cases, simulations, research, and community engagement. (Spring 2026)
Core: CI

ACTG 451 Auditing (3 SH)

Study of the work of an accountant as it relates to the examination and attesting to the reliability of management's financial reports. Topics include standards, legal liability, internal control, sampling, evidence and the auditor's report. Prerequisite: ACTG 321. (Spring 2025)

ACTG 481 Accounting Internship (1-3 SH)

Work experience designed to integrate practice and theory and to give accounting majors insight into current policies, procedures and problems in all types of organizations. Frequent consultation with and written reports to the faculty advisor guide the student's experience. Travel and personal expenses are the student's responsibility. Can be done during the summer. Grading is on a Pass/Fail basis. This is highly recommended for accounting majors. Prerequisite: admission to the program, junior or senior standing, and a program GPA of at least 2.7. Application at least one semester in advance.
Core: CE

ACTG 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

ART 141 Drawing (3 SH)

This course is designed to develop confidence in drawing and build basic drawing and perceptual skills. A variety of drawing media, techniques and conceptual approaches will be used. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 120 Private Pilot Ground (3 SH)

This ground training course provides the student with the aeronautical knowledge needed to pass the FAA Private Pilot Knowledge Test, correctly answer subject matter questions during the oral portion of the Private Pilot Practical Test, and operate safely as a Private Pilot in the National Airspace System.  Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 121 Private Pilot Flight (3 SH)

This flight training course provides the student with the experience and proficiency necessary to meet the certification requirements of an FAA Private Pilot Certificate with Airplane Single-Engine Land Category and Class ratings (ASEL). To complete this course, students will pass the Final Progress Check and the FAA Private Pilot Oral/Practical Test. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 220 Instrument Rating Ground School (3 SH)

This ground training course provides the student with the aeronautical knowledge needed to pass the FAA Instrument Rating Knowledge Test, correctly answer subject matter questions during the oral portion of the Instrument Rating Practical Test, and operate safely as Instrument Rated Pilot in the National Airspace System. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 221 Instrument Flight Training (3 SH)

This flight training course provides the student with the experience and proficiency necessary to meet the certification requirements for adding an FAA Instrument Rating-Airplane to an existing Private Pilot Certificate. To complete this course, students will pass the Final Progress Check and the FAA Instrument Rating Oral/Practical Test. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 320 Commercial Pilot Ground (3 SH)

This ground training course provides advanced aeronautical knowledge in aerodynamics, regulations, meteorology, aircraft systems, and airspace operations. This course provides the student with the aeronautical knowledge needed to pass the FAA Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test, correctly answer subject matter questions during the oral portion of the Commercial Pilot Practical Test, and operate safely as a Commercial Pilot in the National Airspace System. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 321 Commercial Flight I (3 SH)

This flight training course is the first of three consecutive courses that provide the student with the experience and proficiency necessary to meet the certification requirements of an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate with Airplane Single-Engine Land Category and Class ratings (ASEL). Commercial Pilot flight maneuvers and complex and technically advanced airplane (TAA) systems and operations will be introduced. To complete this course, students will pass the Stage One Check. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 322 Commercial Flight II (3 SH)

This flight training course is the second of three consecutive courses that provide the student with the experience and proficiency necessary to meet the certification requirements of an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate with Airplane Single-Engine Land Category and Class ratings (ASEL). Commercial Pilot flight maneuvers and complex and technically advanced airplane (TAA) systems and operations are reviewed, and cross-country navigation is emphasized. To complete this course, students will pass the Stage Two Check. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 323 Commercial Flight III (3 SH)

This flight training course is the third of three consecutive courses that provide the student with the experience and proficiency necessary to meet the certification requirements of an FAA Commercial Pilot Certificate with Airplane Single-Engine Land Category and Class ratings (ASEL). Commercial Pilot flight maneuvers, complex and technically advanced airplane (TAA) systems and operations, and cross-country navigation are reviewed. To complete this course, students will pass the Stage Three Check, the End-of-Course Check, and the FAA Commercial Pilot Oral/Practical Test. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 340 Multiengine/Professional Operations (3 SH)

Course to include ground and flight instruction required to add FAA Airplane – Multiengine Land Rating to a Commercial Pilot Certificate. Will include subjects related to the exercise of the Commercial Pilot Certificate in professional settings, including line operations related to security, aircraft servicing, and passenger safety, and Pilot-in-Command aircraft maintenance and airworthiness responsibilities. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 420 Flight Instructor Ground (3 SH)

This ground training course provides the student with the aeronautical knowledge needed to pass the FAA Fundamentals of Instruction and Flight Instructor Knowledge Tests and correctly answer subject matter questions during the oral portion of the Flight Instructor Practical Test. Offered through Lancaster

AVFO 421 Flight Instructor Flight (3 SH)

This flight training course provides the student with the experience and proficiency necessary to meet the certification requirements of the FAA Flight Instructor Certificate - Airplane Single Engine. To complete the course, students will pass the End-of-Course Check and the FAA Flight Instructor Oral/Practical Test. Offered through Lancaster.

AVIA 110 Becoming Aviators-Introduction to Aeronautics (3 SH)

This course provides an introduction to, and survey of, the field of aeronautics. It includes a study of the history and trends of aerospace activity, including airline operations, military operations, and general aviation. Each student authors a paper and oral presentation based on their research of a particular piloting vocation. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 120 Aircraft Systems (3 SH)

The objective of this course is to provide students with sufficient background knowledge in aircraft systems and their operation, as required by various aviation occupations. This course involves a comprehensive study of aircraft systems and components at the technical level. Areas of study include: aircraft electrical systems; piston engine ignition systems; turbine aircraft ignition systems and operations; aircraft hydraulic and pneumatic systems; aircraft fuel systems; aircraft propellers and systems; aircraft pressurization and environmental systems; ice and rain control systems; fire protection systems. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 130 Meteorology (3 SH)

This course provides students with an understanding of aviation weather theory as it applies to flight operations. As future aviation professionals, students will learn how pilots, dispatchers, air traffic controllers and others access and utilize aviation weather information. In addition, the available aviation products will be discussed as applies to flight planning, en route weather decisions, and avoidance of weather hazards. This course fulfills an EMU Core LOM-Aviation requirement. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 220 Aerodynamics and Performance (3 SH)

This course provides a study of applied fluid mechanics and aircraft aerodynamic behavior. It also reviews the mechanics and performance of turbine and reciprocating aircraft engines. Exercises in aircraft performance problems are conducted, and a group research project on environmental sustainability in aviation is accomplished. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 320 Aviation Safety (3 SH)

This course is a balanced overview of aviation safety and promotes a value system of regulatory compliance and the nurture of an organizational safety culture driven by ethical leadership. The course includes risk management, accident case studies, principles of accident investigation, the nature of accident error chains, voluntary safety programs, human factors, and an introduction to the Safety Management System (SMS). It imparts practical skills that are immediately useful to the aviation student, as well as a foundation for future safety leadership in aviation organizations. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 330 Aviation Law and Regulatory Compliance (3 SH)

This course examines the evolution of federal civil aviation regulations in the United States. Students will examine the past and present problems prompting regulation of the industry, the resultant safety, legislation, airport development, funding legislation and international aviation legislation. Students will study Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR), previously called the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR); the application of 14 CFR Parts 1, 61, 91, 141, NTSB Part 830 and various other 14 CFR Parts. A discussion of the history of aviation regulations, the rulemaking process, letters of interpretation and enforcement will be included. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 380 Advanced Air Mobility (3 SH)

This course provides a survey of advanced air mobility (AAM), the next paradigm in the transportation of persons and cargo. AAM utilizes a transformative set of technologies and systems, primarily involving unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Although this course is intended for students who are preparing to be professional aviators in manned aircraft, a looming challenge is the integration of UAS with manned aircraft in the national airspace system (NAS). The course prepares students to assume positions of management and leadership in this process. Students will choose a particular UAS application, about which they will research the current state of technology and deployment––as well as future deployment, as enabled by technological and regulatory advances. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 390 Aviation Maintenance Management (3 SH)

This course provides a survey of topics pertaining to pilot responsibilities regarding aircraft maintenance. It addresses these responsibilities and processes in three levels of the increasingly complex flight operations in which EMU aviation graduates will engage in the progression of their careers. It also prepares students for future responsibilities as managers and leaders in aviation enterprises in which aircraft maintenance will become part of their responsibilities. Students will perform a case study of an aircraft accident in which maintenance was a causal factor. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 400 Commercial Aviation Advanced Subjects (3 SH)

This course prepares students to pursue a career in commercial aviation, to include positions that are outside of 14 CFR Part 121 but which require an Air Transport Pilot Certificate. Students will research vocations and organizations and will select a particular organization that conducts types of operations in which they are interested in serving. Students will complete a paper on that organization deriving from research about their organizational history, past and current key persons, financial structure, and nature and location of their operations. Students will receive assistance in applying for the internships in which they will engage in AVIA 430 - Aviation Internship, in the spring semester of their senior year. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 401 Air Transport Advanced Subjects (3 SH)

This course is a survey of 14 CFR Part 121 passenger and cargo airline operations. Students will study topics related to the following functional areas: flight operations, dispatch, customer service, cargo carriage, aircraft maintenance, and cabin safety. Students will visit the operations and maintenance facilities of a 14 CFR Part 121 air carrier organization and will complete a research project and paper based on a Part 121 operation. Students will receive an orientation in a full-motion jet simulator. Students will receive assistance in applying for the internships in which they will engage in AVIA 430 - Aviation Internship, in the spring semester of their senior year. Offered through Lancaster

AVIA 430 Aviation Internship (6 SH)

Aviation concentrators will complete a supervised internship with an established aviation organization. Internships run during a full semester and may be completed in fall, spring, or summer. Each internship must be approved by the AVIA 430 course instructor. For successful completion of this course, the student will: compile a resume and cover letter prior to seeking an internship; seek and acquire an internship position with the approval of the AVIA 430 course instructor; submit the Aviation Internship Proposal Form; be under the supervision of a professional in the aerospace industry; work a minimum of 252 hours in an approved operation; remain responsible for completing all assignments and for routinely communicating with the AVIA 430 course instructor during the internship experience. Offered through Lancaster

BIOCH 152 Human Biochemistry (2 SH)

This course focuses on the study of organic and inorganic compounds, especially those important in cellular intermediary metabolism and other biological processes. Prerequisite: CHEM 105 OR 2 years of high school chemistry (or AP Chemistry). This course meets for 7 weeks.

BIOCH 318 Biochemistry Molecular Biology Lab (2 SH)

A hands-on overview of several major biochemistry and molecular biology laboratory techniques, including protein and nucleic acid purification, expression, and characterization; enzyme kinetics; gene amplification, cloning, and manipulation; and protein and gene bioinformatics. Each student will undertake a short research project. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside of class, BIOL 240, and CHEM 315. (Spring 2026)

BIOCH 376 Foundational Biochemistry (3 SH)

A survey of structure – function relationships of biological molecules and systems. Emphasis is placed on enzymology, intermediary metabolism, and metabolic control. Prerequisite: CHEM 316.

BIOCH 398 Advanced Cell Biology (3 SH)

A study of cellular architecture, communication, transport, structure, division, growth and death. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of cancer at the cellular level, and on a quantitative understanding of cellular movements. Students read and report on research articles. Prerequisite: BIOL 240. (Spring 2025)
Core: WI

BIOCH 438 Molecular Genetics (3 SH)

A study of the mechanisms of inheritance and gene interactions, gene structure and expression, chromosome structures and genomics. Themes include DNA mutations, heritable diseases, modern genomics research, and chromatin architecture. Prerequisite: BIOL 240. (Spring 2026)

BIOCH 479 Biochemistry/Chemistry Research (1-3 SH)

Research under the direction of a faculty member. Permission required since enrollment is limited. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class.

BIOCH 499 Independent Study (3 SH)

BIOL 105 Science in Society (2 SH)

This course uses examples from recent news events as a means of introducing the nature of science and scientific inquiry and the role of science in society, culture, politics, and policy. This course meets for 7 weeks. Offered occasionally
Core: NS

BIOL 112 Human Anatomy and Physiology I (3 SH)

Lecture and laboratory study of the cellular, histological, structural and functional aspects of human body systems. Homeostasis and regulatory principles are emphasized in illustrating normal physiological systems. Laboratory sessions utilize EKG, blood pressure, urine analysis, histology, models, and observation of cadavers to demonstrate anatomic and physiological concepts. High school advanced biology or BIOL 155 and high school chemistry or CHEM 105 or CHEM 155 are recommended as preparation for this course. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class. BIOL 112 focuses on introductory cell structure and function, histology, osteology, muscle and neurologic system.

BIOL 122 Human Anatomy and Physiology II (3 SH)

A continuation of BIOL 112. Courses may be taken out of sequence only with instructor permission. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class. BIOL 122 focuses on an organ system study of human anatomy and physiology including endocrinology, cardiology, and other organ systems.

BIOL 145 Nutrition Fundamentals (2 SH)

Basic principles of normal human nutrition with emphasis on energy and the nutrients— their properties, sources, functions and dietary requirements. Current and controversial issues in nutrition are included. This course meets for 7 weeks.
Core: NS

BIOL 155 Biological Explorations (3 SH)

Introductory course to biological science, with an emphasis on organism adaptations and life cycles (plant and animal, including human). The course consists of lectures, interactive workshops, laboratory experiences, and discussions of current science news and issues. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class.
Core: NS

BIOL 161 Food and Population (3 SH)

An examination of the biological and demographic aspects of the world food and population problems, including economic, political, ethical and theological contributions to the problems and solutions. Current international events that shape global food and population problems will also be addressed. This course is offered online through Lancaster; it is available to traditional students as well.

BIOL 173 Concepts in Biology-Unity and Diversity of Life (4 SH)

Introductory course for biology majors or those interested in the biology major, emphasizing science as a method of learning about life. This course focuses on two biological issues of current interest to society—the impact of invasive species on ecosystems, and the challenge of infectious diseases. Lecture and laboratory experiences use these two issues as a springboard for learning fundamental concepts and methods in biology. In addition, the study of evolutionary biology is interwoven throughout the course, including issues related to the intersection of science and faith. Emphasis is placed on applying the scientific method, using instrumentation and basic laboratory skills for experimentation, writing scientific reports, and using computers for data analysis and presentation. This course is required for students continuing in the biology major. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class.
Core: NS

BIOL 205 Introduction to Microbiology (3 SH)

An introduction to the biology and the medical impact and of viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and protozoa, with laboratory emphasis on bacteria. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOCH 152 or BIOL 173.

BIOL 209 Medical Terminology (3 SH)

This course is designed to provide the medical language and nomenclature background for students who plan to enter health care professions. Study of the uses of prefixes, suffixes, and word roots to formulate words describing meaningful medical conditions is emphasized as well as learning their definitions, correct pronunciation, and spelling. Using major body systems as a guide, students will learn the basic anatomic and medical terms related to the muscular, skeletal, respiratory, circulatory, digestive, neurological, reproductive, and urinary systems. No prerequisite. Offered occasionally.

BIOL 215 Organismal Biology (4 SH)

A survey of the diversity of life, introducing microbiology, botany and zoology through a focus on evolutionary history and comparative physiology and bioenergetics. Prerequisite: a grade of at least "C" in BIOL 173 or instructor permission and an annual safety training outside of class.

BIOL 219 Life Science Practicum (1 SH)

Experiential community learning in areas related to future vocation is coordinated with classroom instruction and reflection. Assigned shadowing or interactive experiences require 25-30 hours/semester outside of class. Typical experiences may involve hospitals, biomedical organizations, clinics, health departments, or life science education. Prerequisites: satisfactory completion of at least two biology courses and instructor permission.
Core: CE

BIOL 220 Science Professions Seminar (1 SH)

In this course, learning related to future science vocations will be coordinated and integrated with classroom instruction and reflective writing based on readings and experiences. Typical experiences include formal conversations with biology and other STEM alumni, and interactions with biology-related STEM professionals. Students will develop curricular and career plans and expand their understanding of possible vocations within STEM, including various academic, industrial, and public sector STEM industries. Students will work with the Career Services office to develop resume writing, interviewing and other skills needed to advance their career plans. Recommended for second semester science majors and above.

BIOL 235 Ecology-Adaptation and Environment (4 SH)

A foundation course in basic ecology and evolutionary biology with an emphasis on adaptations of animal and plants to their environment. The role of natural and sexual selection, species interactions, population dynamics, and landscape and community processes are investigated through a variety of projects, simulations, experiments, and field trips to representative ecosystems. Required for students continuing in the biology major, building on the experimental and investigative skills introduced in BIOL 173. Prerequisites: a grade of at least "C" in BIOL 173 or instructor permission and an annual safety training outside of class.
Core: WI

BIOL 240 Molecular and Cellular Biology (4 SH)

An examination of various aspects of cell biology, introducing basic understandings of biochemistry, molecular biology, and cell function. Through classroom discussions and laboratory experimentation, students will become familiar with the current techniques and technological advances for the study of the biology of living cells.  Prerequisites: a grade of at least "C" in BIOL 173 or instructor permission and an annual safety training outside of class.

BIOL 255 Biology Research Seminar (1 SH)

This course is intended for sophomores but may be taken during the second semester of the first year. It is designed to provide an overview of the fundamental and theoretical aspects of research as well as the nature of science. Students will learn to evaluate primary literature, how to assess and interpret data and how to develop hypotheses from that data. Students will learn how to design a research project to fill the gaps in the existing work and write a research proposal. Students will be evaluated on their interpretative skills as well as their scientific reading, writing, and oral presentations. This course meets for 7 weeks.

BIOL 290 Neuroanatomy (2 SH)

Functional and comparative anatomy of nervous systems, focusing on the structure of the nervous system. Fundamental concepts, organizational principles, structure, connectivity, and how these relate to function and behavior.

BIOL 327 Advanced Microbiology (3 SH)

A comprehensive study of the field of microbiology, emphasizing the principles of medical microbiology and human symbioses. Included in the discussion will be additional focus on disease, treatment, emerging infectious diseases, biotechnology and global public health. Topics will be discussed using lectures, short lab periods, case studies and problem-based learning. Prerequisites: BIOL 240 and an annual safety training outside of class. (Fall 2026)

BIOL 337 Immunology (3 SH)

An examination of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate recognition and response in the human immune system. Topics include innate immunity, antibody function, antigen presentation, gene rearrangements, T and B cell development and activation, and mechanisms of tolerance. Additional topics include immune reactions in allergies, HIV, and cancer. Prerequisite: BIOL 240. (Spring 2025)

BIOL 358 Natural History of the Shenandoah Valley (4 SH)

This course focuses on identification and understanding of the flora, fauna, and geology of the Shenandoah Valley. Students investigate general principles of natural history while simultaneously developing a sense of "place" in the local region. Laboratories rely heavily on field trips. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 173 or permission of instructor. (Spring 2026)

BIOL 364 Entomology: Vector Biology and Control (3 SH)

This public health entomology course provides an overview of insect classification and biology with an emphasis on vectors that cause human disease and current methods being implemented around the globe to control vector borne disease transmission.  Emphasis will be placed on the identification and basic biology (life cycle, reproduction, host-seeking behavior) of major insect vectors and pests as well as the transmission cycles of pathogens spread by major arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks.  Additional topics include the role of ecology and environmental factors (including climate change) on the spread of vector borne disease and the evaluation of vector control techniques in terms of their efficacy, feasibility and ethical and ecological implications. Vector-borne diseases of plants and animals as well as agricultural impacts of pest insects will also be covered. Laboratory work focuses on classification of insects to orders and common families, insect behavior and physiology, and experimental methodology used to evaluate control strategies.  Prerequisite: BIOL 173. (Fall 2025)

BIOL 368 Blue Ridge Botany (2 SH)

This course involves the study and appreciation of plants in their natural environments. Emphasis is placed on species found in the mountains in and around Rockingham County. Topics include plant development, reproduction, identification, taxonomy, and community ecology. We also discuss how environmental factors affect plant growth, distribution, and assemblage into communities. The course will include several field trips. Prerequisites: BIOL 155, BIOL 173, or instructor approval. This course meets for 7 weeks. (Fall 2024)

BIOL 369 Teaching of Biology (1-2 SH)

Practical experience in teaching of biology by working with a faculty member in a biology course. May include proctoring in self-paced courses, tutoring, assisting in the preparation and supervision of laboratories, or other teaching functions. A written self-evaluation is required. Prerequisite: consent of the instructor.

BIOL 429 Biology Internship (1-3 SH)

This course serves as a practical application of biological principles and knowledge within a specific discipline of interest and as a way of gaining experience outside of EMU in an area of concentration. The internship will vary with a student’s particular interest but typically involves either working on a research project or participating in an internship at an appropriate organization. Open to junior or senior level general biology track majors only.
Core: CE

BIOL 437 Advanced Human Anatomy (4 SH)

This course focuses on an anatomical comprehensive study of body systems using human cadaver materials. Histological studies are correlated with the above anatomical studies. Laboratory work includes the hands-on whole-organ level of dissection, osteology, and microscopy. Since human anatomy is intimately tied to its physiology, this course will briefly introduce concepts relating to the body's normal and pathophysiological physiology. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside class and BIOL 215 or instructor permission. (BMC 612)

BIOL 447 Advanced Human Physiology (4 SH)

Investigative study of selected body systems including neuro-muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal and endocrine physiology. Extensive laboratory work emphasizes quantification and experimentation while using live materials and physiologic instrumentation. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 112 or BIOL 173. (BMC 562)

BIOL 451 Neuropsychology (3 SH)

Survey of the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system, including loss of function studies and the function of sensory receptors and hormones. Emphasis is placed on the role of general neurophysiological principles that affect human behavior. Prerequisite: BIOL 290. (PSYC 451) (Spring 2026)
Core: NS

BIOL 478 Advanced Neurobiology (3 SH)

This course explores the interdisciplinary field of neuroscience with an emphasis on the biology of the nervous system. It includes the structure of the nervous system, how neurons communicate electrically and chemically, pharmacological agents, and sensory and motor systems. Prerequisites: an annual safety training outside of class and BIOL 112 or BIOL 173. (Spring 2025)

BIOL 479 Biology Research (1-3 SH)

Multi-semester research under the direction of a faculty member. Pre- or co-requisite: BIOL 255 and an annual safety training outside of class. Instructor permission required and dependent on student application.

BIOL 485 Science and Ethics (2 SH)

Explores the relationship between science, faith, and the major frameworks of philosophical ethics. Issues such as the evolutionary basis for morality, human nature, environmental ethics, clinical ethics, and bioethics are examined. A "worldview" reflective paper is required. Restricted to students majoring in biology, chemistry, and biochemistry or by instructor permission.
Core: WI

BIOL 499 Independent Study (3 SH)

BISTL 380 Biblical Perspectives (3 SH)

This course reflects the commitment of Eastern Mennonite University as a Christian, liberal arts university, to nurture an appreciation for the rich resources of the scriptures for creative personal faith and human life in the modern world. It is designed to foster knowledge and understanding of the literature and history of the Bible and the integration of faith, learning, and living.  Offered through Lancaster.

BUAD 101 Business at EMU (3 SH)

Explore the fundamentals of business and entrepreneurship through a practical lens. Learn about the core purpose of business and the role of the organization in society while examining the primary areas of operations including finance, marketing, accounting, production, distribution, human resources, communication, technology, and leadership. Students assess and develop their own skills and abilities with a focus on developing business-oriented written and oral communication skills along with business etiquette.

BUAD 221 Principles of Management (3 SH)

This course provides an introduction to the principles and practices of management. Management is examined in its major functions: planning, leading, organizing and controlling. Examples from businesses and other organizations are reviewed to understand how these principles apply. Other courses in the curriculum build on the knowledge and understanding developed in this course.
Core: SB

BUAD 301 Quantitative Decision Making (3 SH)

An examination of quantitative techniques used in managerial decision making. Topics include use of probability distributions, forecasting, inventory planning, decision tables, decision trees, linear programming and networks. The course will emphasize applications using computer spreadsheets and software. Prerequisites: STAT 120, CIS 211, and Major GPA of 2.50 or better.

BUAD 331 Organizational Behavior (3 SH)

This course studies the management of human behavior in organizations. Behavioral topics include group dynamics, motivation, communication, ethical leadership, self-managed teams, and sustainability. Management topics include a review of managerial functions, planning and decision-making techniques, and organizational design. This course relies heavily on the case study method and effective communications skills to equip students for managerial and leadership roles. Prerequisite: BUAD 221 or PSYC 221.
Core: WI

BUAD 411 Business Law (3 SH)

This course is designed to give students a working knowledge of important legal issues that affect the rights and responsibilities of American business persons and organizations. Students will develop an appreciation for the interrelationship between ethics, law and business decision-making. Students will develop an understanding of the foundation of the legal system as it relates to business; the law on management of the workforce; and the various dispute resolution alternatives.

BUAD 441 International Business (3 SH)

This course explores international business from the perspective of economic markets, trade, finance, and the influences of differences in macro-cultures on business decisions. The course begins with an overview of economic institutions that provide the context for international business and current economic theory on trade and finance. Students then consider and learn how culture influences organizational decisions related to strategy and operations. Throughout the course, students will analyze how decisions may differentially impact stakeholders and how they fit within these systems. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211 or ECON 212. (ECON 411) (Fall 2024)

BUAD 461 Strategic Leadership in Organizations (3 SH)

Strategic Leadership in Organizations is a capstone course, intended to draw upon content learned in previous courses, such as management, accounting and finance, and marketing. It is primarily a course in business values and strategy and is designed to teach analytical thinking while understanding concepts of business strategy and competition. Important themes include effective and ethical leadership, sustainable business strategy and the role of organizational values. Prerequisites: Senior standing and program admission.
Core: CE

BUAD 465 Project Management (3 SH)

Most organizations accomplish their mission and manage much of their work through projects. This requires specific skills to manage not only individual projects but often a complex web of multiple and interrelated programs, working skillfully with diverse stakeholders, against demanding deadlines, and with limited resources. Students will improve their capacity to balance the art and science of managing projects by building technical competencies and adopting best practices of leadership and management, all through an integrated lens of leadership for the common good. (OLS 665)

BUAD 470-475 Topics in Business (3 SH)

Special topics courses are offered based on student and/or faculty interest, or to address significant contemporary issues in the field. BUAD 471 Topics: Entrepreneurship (3 SH) typically offered every 2-3 years.

BUAD 481 Business Internship (1-3 SH)

Work experience designed to integrate practice and theory, to give business administration majors insight into current policies, procedure, and problems in all types of organizations. Frequent consultation with and written reports to the faculty advisor guide the student's experience. Travel and personal expenses are the student's responsibility. Can be taken during the summer. Grading is on a Pass/Fail basis. This is highly recommended for business administration majors. Prerequisites: Admission to the program, junior or senior standing, and a program GPA of at least 2.7. The internship coordinator must approve the internship before it commences.
Core: CE

BUAD 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

BUAN 481 Business Analytics Internship (1-3 SH)

Work experience designed to integrate practice and theory, to give business analytics majors insight into current policies, procedure, and problems in all types of organizations. Frequent consultation with–and
written reports to–the faculty advisor guide the student’s experience. Travel and personal expenses are the student's responsibility. Can be taken during the summer. Grading is on a Pass/Fail basis. This is highly recommended for business analytics majors. Prerequisites: Admission to the program, junior or senior standing, and a program GPA of at least 2.7. The internship coordinator must approve the internship before it commences.
Core: CE

CCSCL 450 Intercultural Perspectives (3 SH)

This course focuses on the development of global awareness, faith, and management as it relates to intercultural understanding. Students will be challenged to look beyond their own culture and understand social systems and institutions from the perspective of people in another culture. Experiential learning will take place as students participate in an off-campus, intercultural experience in a culture that is different from the students' majority orientation. Offered through Lancaster

CE 165 Networking and Data Communication (2 SH)

An introduction to networking and the Internet. Topics include TCP/IP and other network protocols, standard data formats including web standards such as HTML and CSS, client/ server applications, network infrastructure, and security.

CE 175 Architecture and Operating Systems (4 SH)

An introduction to computer hardware and system software. Topics include digital logic, computer organization and architecture, interfacing and communication, memory management, scheduling and resource allocation, and concurrency. Previous programming experience recommended.

CE 330-335 Topics in Computer Engineering (2-4 SH)

The department will offer at least one Topics course each year with the content based on the areas of interest of current students and faculty. The course may be taken for credit repeatedly since the content will vary from year to year. Topics may include: theory of computation, numerical analysis, modeling and simulation, graphics, computer animation, computer vision, advanced algorithmic analysis, cryptography, parallel algorithms, artificial intelligence, robotics, smart phone technology, hypermedia development, language translation systems, and functional programming.

CE 370 Digital Circuits (4 SH)

This course will introduce students to the tools and techniques behind modern digital logic circuits. We will begin with how basic logic gates are built from transistors, how basic logic gates are used to implement combinational and sequential circuits and such as flip-flops, adders, multiplexers, etc. culminating with circuit design using a microcontroller. (Spring 2025)

CE 375 Software Engineering (2 SH)

Software engineering is the set of interrelated disciplines that are utilized in the development, deployment, maintenance, and usage of enterprise-wide software solutions. This course focuses on the lifecycle of information systems and how that relates to strategic planning and information usage. Several software development lifecycle models will be explored as students participate in generating logical programming designs. Prerequisites: CS 255 and CS 325. (Fall 2025)

CHEM 105 Chemistry for the Life Sciences (2 SH)

This course addresses basic concepts of chemistry as they pertain to the health sciences and is a good preparation for students who intend to pursue a career in nursing. This course will cover topics such as making measurements, dimensional analysis, atomic structure, types of bonding, and acids and bases. Prerequisite: high school algebra or equivalent. This course meets for 7 weeks.

CHEM 155 Matter and Energy (3 SH)

This course addresses basic concepts of chemistry and physics in the context of social, environmental, and political issues. This course will cover topics such as atomic structure and bonding, the physics of energy, chemical reactions in air and water, and the nature of scientific inquiry. Two lectures and one laboratory per week. Prerequisites: high school algebra or equivalent and an annual safety training outside of class.
Core: NS

CHEM 223 General Chemistry I (4 SH)

A study of water, solutions, atomic and molecular structure, chemical bonding, chemical reactions thermochemistry, and gases. Laboratory work involves quantitative, computational, and spectroscopic analyses of chemical systems that are relevant to the 'real world'. Three lectures and one laboratory period or field-trip per week. Prerequisites: MATH 114 College Algebra or high school precalculus class (with grade of B or higher) and an annual safety training outside of class and high school chemistry or equivalent.

CHEM 224 General Chemistry II (4 SH)

A careful study of chemical reactions with respect to enthalpy, entropy, equilibrium, kinetics, and electrochemistry. Laboratory work involves the student-directed development of a technique for the quantitative and spectroscopic analyses of an environmentally important substance. Three lectures and one laboratory period or field-trip per week. Prerequisites: CHEM 223 (with grade of C- or higher) and an annual safety training outside of class.

CHEM 285 Environmental Chemistry (4 SH)

An introduction to concepts in atmospheric, aquatic, and terrestrial chemistry, pollution, and energy production and consumption. Laboratory work includes common field sampling and analytical techniques, and statistical analysis of chemical data. Students are expected to design, conduct, and report on experimentation to confirm measurements of environmental analytes using multiple strategies. Three lectures and one laboratory period or field-trip per week. Prerequisites: CHEM 223 and an annual safety training outside of class. (Spring 2026)
Core: CE

CHEM 315 Organic Chemistry I (4 SH)

Organic chemistry is the study of the relationship between the three-dimensional structure and the reactivity of carbon compounds. The chemical and physical properties of organic compounds will be linked to an understanding of orbital theory, electronegativity, strain, and sterics. Reactions of simple organic compounds will be described in terms of electron movement (mechanisms) and kinetic vs. thermodynamic parameters. The laboratory will emphasize development of purification, isolation, and identification techniques, particularly chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy. Three lectures and one four-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: a grade of at least "C" in CHEM 224 and an annual safety training outside of class.
Core: NS

CHEM 316 Organic Chemistry II (4 SH)

This class builds on the reactions and mechanisms described in CHEM 315 so that 'new' mechanisms can be deduced based on the key principles of conformational preference, sterics, polarity and bond strength. Aromatic compounds as well as oxygen and nitrogen containing compounds are studied so that the chemistry of biomolecules can be introduced. Structure determination of increasingly complex compounds by instrumental techniques, such as GC-MS, NMR, and IR, will also be emphasized. The laboratory will involve multi- step transformations, purifications, and advanced structure determination using primarily instrumental techniques. Three lectures and one four-hour laboratory per week. Prerequisites: CHEM 315 and an annual safety training outside of class.

CHEM 320 Analytical Chemistry I (3 SH)

An overview of the various aspects of analytical chemistry such as sampling, statistical analysis of data sets, quantitative and qualitative analysis, spectroscopy and chromatography, and trouble-shooting/ instrument design and maintenance. Emphasis will be given to Gravimetric and Titrimetric analysis, Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, Advanced GCMS and ion-selective electrodes. One lecture, four hours of laboratory. Prerequisites: a grade of at least "C" in CHEM 224 and an annual safety training outside of class. (Spring 2025)
Core: TI

CHEM 340 Analytical Chemistry II (3 SH)

An overview of the various aspects of analytical chemistry such as sampling, statistical analysis of data sets, quantitative and qualitative analysis, spectroscopy and chromatography, and trouble-shooting/ instrument design and maintenance. Emphasis will be given to atomic spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy including multi-dimensional analysis and nuclei beyond C and H, HPLC. One lecture, four hours of laboratory. Prerequisites: a grade of at least "C" in CHEM 224 and an annual safety training outside of class. (Spring 2026)
Core: TI

CHEM 405 Thermodynamics (3 SH)

A mathematically intensive study of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics. Topics include gases, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy, chemical and phase equilibria in single and multi-component systems, chemical reaction rate laws, and mechanisms. Prerequisite: two semesters of math, recommended completion of MATH 195. (PHYS 405) (Spring 2025)

CHEM 406 Quantum Mechanics (3 SH)

A mathematically intensive study of basic QM as related to atomic and molecular structures. Topics include application of the Schrodinger equation to model systems, hydrogenic wave functions, approximation methods, models of chemical bonding, and spectroscopy. Prerequisite: two semesters of math including MATH 195 or instructor permission. (PHYS 406) (Fall 2025)

CHEM 479 Chemistry/Biochemistry Research (1-3 SH)

Research under the direction of a faculty member. Permission required since enrollment is limited. Prerequisite: an annual safety training outside of class.

CHEM 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

CHMUS 211 Music for the Congregation (3 SH)

This course will address the topic of music in congregational life from the perspective of both the pastor and the musician. Students will study basic historical trends and theological concepts that contribute to the current horizons of music in church life. Additionally, students will learn the foundational musical concepts needed for success in their vocational area. Strong emphasis will be placed on the scope and use of various worship and music resources. To allow for deeper engagement at both the graduate and undergraduate levels, seminary and music department students will be paired in a culminating project for the course. (SMCL 640)
Core: CA

CHMUS 490 Church Music Internship (1-2 SH)

Internships are provided through churches and community organizations. Students gain various experiences in a wide range of music-related fields according to their areas of interest.

CIS 211 Spreadsheet and Data Management (1 SH)

Organizing, managing, and communicating data is critical in organizations today. Leaders and researchers with sound knowledge of the information contained in their data are better equipped to make strategic decisions and answer the complex questions in their discipline. This course provides a requisite skillset for using spreadsheet applications (Microsoft Excel and Google Sheets) for data analysis and a deeper set of tools for broad information management. This course is relevant to students of any major where data management and statistical analysis is helpful in their field. This course is typically offered fall and spring semesters with a choice of in-person or online/asynchronous, and only online/asynchronous during the summer term.
Core: QR & TI

CIS 251 Management Information Systems (3 SH)

An introduction to information resources within the context of an organization. The course focuses on the ways in which technology enables business to function more efficiently. Topics include the strategic importance of information, the technical components of information systems, and the business value created by using information systems. Prerequisites or corequisites: BUAD 221 and CIS 211.

CIS 321 Advanced Spreadsheets (1 SH)

This course focuses on automation of complex tasks and analyses in the spreadsheet environment. The course builds proficiency in tools for managing data sets and solving complex problems using the data. The course also builds introductory programming skills through the use of macros and Visual Basic. Course learning is project-based. Prerequisites: CIS 211 and any STAT course. (Spring 2026)

CMUS 114 Appreciating Music Making (3 SH)

Focusing on experiential learning, this class introduces music from the insider's perspective in order for students to explore creative processes involved in music making. Class content is organized topically, including notation systems, ensembles, composition, improvisation, music philosophies, film music, and music and worship from both Western and non-Western perspectives. Students will develop informed listening skills and cultivate an appreciation for the many contexts of music in our daily lives. Familiarity with music notation is not required. This course is offered online through Lancaster; it is available to traditional students as well. (Offered through EMU Harrisonburg as a 2 SH course, CMUS 116.)
Core: CA

CMUS 116 Appreciating Music Making (2 SH)

Music is one of the most fundamental and powerful forms of human creativity and expression. Through an exploration of classical music, pop music, jazz, rock, rap, world music and more, we will learn to understand the colorful tapestry of musical language across various styles, genres, and eras. In this course, we will feature live performances, watch video, listen to audio, and participate in interactive activities in order to enrich our classroom experience and gain a greater understanding and deeper love for the art of music. (Offered through EMU Lancaster as a 3 SH course, CMUS 114.)
Core: CA

CMUS 120 Music Fundamentals (3 SH)

A music fundamentals course open to students of all disciplines. Musical literacy is not required, as the course will introduce students to the skills needed to read and write Western music notation, as well as to understand, analyze, and listen. Topics include pitches and scales, intervals, clefs, rhythm, form, meter, phrases and cadences, and basic harmony. Majors and minors may be excused from this course or sections of it by examination.

CMUS 130 Aural Skills (1 SH)

Through regular, guided practice in a variety of aural skills exercises (ear training) both inside and outside of class, students will advance their understanding of and proficiency in the interval and chord recognition, pulse and meter identification, as well as dictation, recognition, and sight singing of diatonic materials in major and minor keys. Students will also advance their proficiency with rhythmic dictation and sight singing. Musicianship skills gained in this course are applicable to all areas of music performance, theory, and pedagogy.

CMUS 181 Music Theory I (3 SH)

Centering on experiential learning, this course will examine the theory of major Western musical styles from the Middle Ages to 1800, noting the variety of genres, compositional practices, and ideas that ultimately inform music making today. The course starts with series counterpoint and moves to part writing, harmonic analysis, and musical form. The ability to read music is required. Prerequisite: CMUS 120.

CMUS 200 Landscape of Music (0 SH)

A required course for all music majors to be registered each on-campus semester, with the following objectives: to prepare students to be successful music majors, to model the unity of the various aspects of musicianship, and to develop a style of learning that will lead to successful end-of-the-year performance assessments.

CMUS 201 Topics in Music-World Music (2 SH)

World Music is a broad survey course. Through reading, listening, practical experience and discussion, students will acquire a broad understanding of a very expansive field. The course, organized as a tour around the globe, focuses on the unique musical language and expression, the cultural context, and the global significance for each country visited on this ‘tour’. Offered in alternate years
Core: CA

CMUS 202 Topics in Music-Folk-Rock to Hip-Hop (2 SH)

From its earliest beginnings in the blues and Tin Pan Alley, all the way up to today's most current artists, American popular music has played a vital role in shaping the cultural landscape of the United States and the world. This course will survey the rich history of American popular music from a cultural, technological, and sociological perspective and explore its various influences. Students will learn elementary music concepts and skills through interactive engagement and will examine the characteristics of various musical styles including country, folk, rock, pop, R&B, rap and more. Through a hands-on exploration of music by artists such as The Beatles, Jimi Hendrix, Beyonce, Tupac Shakur, Harry Styles, Chris Stapleton, and many more, this course provides a foundation for understanding the full and dynamic tapestry of music that continues to impact and shape generations. 
Core: CA

CMUS 203 Topics in Music-Music of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (2 SH)

In just fifteen years, the Marvel Cinematic Universe has grown to encompass thirty-one films and eight television series, with original scores and soundtracks by over twenty composers. This course will introduce students to the world of film music through the lens of the MCU. Topics covered will include film music history, leitmotifs and character themes, motivic development, orchestration and instrumentation, symphonic world-building, and the compositional process for film music. Discussion of Marvel Comics – their history and social themes – will also be considered. No prior knowledge of music or film history is necessary.
Core: CA

CMUS 204 Topics in Music-Introduction to Music Technology (2 SH)

The Music Technology course will allow students to discover and explore introductory concepts used in music sequencing, notation, and recording. This course will provide a detailed explanation of computer music production. Students will develop skills in loop and MIDI production, sampling, digital audio generation, audio recording, editing, and mixing through class instruction and hands-on learning with digital audio workstations. No prior experience in music is necessary. Offered in alternate years
Core: CA & TI

CMUS 250 Music History I (3 SH)

Music is the product of people, their lives, and communities throughout time. In academia, it is often separated and taught in distinct divisions such as theory and history; however, these two areas should be understood in context with each other and as part of an integrated whole. Centering on experiential learning, this course will examine the history and theory of major Western musical styles from the Middle Ages to the Classical Era, noting the variety of genres, compositional practices, and ideas that ultimately inform music making today. Counterpoint, musical form, and writing about music are emphasized. The ability to read music is required.
Core: WI

CMUS 260 Music History II (3 SH)

Music is the product of people, their lives, and communities throughout time. In academia, it is often separated and taught in distinct divisions such as theory and history; however, these two areas should be understood in context with each other and as part of an integrated whole. Centering on experiential learning, this course will examine the history and theory of major Western musical styles from the Classical Era to the present, noting the variety of genres, compositional practices, and ideas that ultimately inform music making today. Counterpoint, musical form, and writing about music are emphasized. The ability to read music is required.
Core: WI

CMUS 281 Music Theory II (3 SH)

Centering on experiential learning, this course will examine the theory of major Western musical styles from 1800 to present, noting the variety of genres, compositional practices, and ideas that ultimately inform music making today. The course covers part writing, harmonic analysis, musical form, and 20th-21st century compositional techniques. The ability to read music is required. Prerequisite: CMUS 181.

CMUS 300 Building a Music Career in the 21st Century (2 SH)

The landscape of music has changed. Being a good performer, composer, and music teacher are only a portion of the skills needed to build a successful music career in the 21st century. In this course students will learn the practical skills and knowledge necessary outside of the music studio to maximize their ability to build a career and life in music. Topics covered will include marketing your music, booking concerts, producing and distributing music, writing arts grants, and learning to engage the community. Offered in alternate years (Spring 2026)

CMUS 411 Conducting I (4 SH)

A comprehensive course that includes beginning conducting techniques (choral and instrumental), score analysis, rehearsal techniques, and an introduction to orchestration. Writing about music (analysis, essays, program notes, reviews, and formal papers) is included in this course. Prerequisite: junior or senior music major or minor, or instructor's permission. Offered in alternate years

CMUS 412 The Compleat Musician (4 SH)

Capstone course for the music major. Semester will culminate with a public performance of selected works for voices and instruments in which each student will perform in an ensemble setting. This course will include continued development of conducting techniques, completion of a choral arrangement, score analysis, historical analys.is, program note writing strategies, and development of collaborative skills. Prerequisite: CMUS 411. Offered in alternate years.

CMUS 440 Seminar (1-3 SH)

Offerings dependent on faculty and student interest. Requires instructor's permission; may be repeated.

CMUS 490 Music Internship (1-3 SH)

Internships are provided through churches and community organizations. Students gain various experiences in a wide range of music related fields according to their areas of interest.
Core: CE

CMUS 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

COMF 150 Public Communication (3 SH)

This course addresses the principles and practices of effective oral communication. The course emphasizes rhetorical approaches for message design, presentation planning, arrangement, and delivery that are useful across settings. Students will learn to manage intercultural communication for effective business and workplace relations. Students will receive feedback from groups and one-on-one. Prerequisite: WRIT 135 or WRIT 140.
Core: Communication Foundations

COMF 160 Communication and the Environment (3 SH)

This course will integrate the science and communication of environmental sustainability. Students will explain the significance of environmental sustainability and the interconnectedness between the natural world and human thriving by demonstrating effective communication skills to a specific audience for a specific purpose. Students will understand how science works, review how it is interpreted in popular science and advocacy, and in turn create their own visual and written media and oral communication about sustainability. The course will be capped at 24. (Spring 2025)
Core: Communication Foundations

COMF 170 Foundations of Sports Communication (3 SH)

The course will provide an overview about information management and how it applies to the sporting industry. As students develop websites, write sports stories and use multimedia to cover sports, including photography, videography and broadcasting, they will learn about careers in sports information, how an organization communicates with the media and its constituents, and how communication in sport has evolved and continues to evolve. Prerequisite: WRIT 135 or WRIT 140. (Spring 2025)
Core: Communication Foundations

CORE 103 Big Questions, Deep Connections (3 SH)

Students will investigate the central ideas of various academic disciplines and the role of higher education. Students with guidance from faculty and staff will evaluate and reflect upon their goals for education, career, and life. Students will identify and develop the adaptive skills to successfully navigate their academic, co-curricular, and career plans. Students will explore the themes of an EMU education: Faith and Ethics, Intercultural Understanding, Power and Equity, and Environmental Sustainability.

CORE 202 Living Well (2 SH)

This largely experiential course invites students to explore their own wellness and well-being through the lens of holistic wellness, and supports them in pursuing goals for well-being in a personal growth project. Students will consider various intersecting dimensions of well-being, including physical, social, community, emotional/mental, faith, spiritual, financial, and occupational. Through community-building activities, conversations with expert guests, and work towards individual goals related to various dimensions of health, students will integrate and apply their understandings about well-being in college and beyond as part of their journey to become wise, bridge-building leaders. This course is not available for first-year students and is ideally taken in the second year at EMU. Education students seeking PreK-3, PreK-6, SPED, or Health and Physical Education (PreK-12) licensure, substitute HE 202 Health and Safety for CORE 202 Living Well.

CORE 300 Power, Systems, and Justice (3 SH)

The class will focus on race, gender, economic inequality, class, and other dimensions of identity and difference. Students will understand and analyze the ways structural inequality shapes their lives and the lives of those around them. The course identifies and builds skills for individuals to work toward equity in their own professional and personal lives. Students will have the opportunity to develop creative and ethical ways of strategically disrupting and transforming unjust systems. To be taken by students in the junior or senior year. Also fulfilled by SOWK 360 Race and Gender, WCSC 387 Race, Space, and Inequality (WCSC), or WCSC 388 La Lucha Latina (WCSC).

CORE 301 Transfer Portfolio (1 SH, if offered)

This course will enable transfer students to bridge the narratives of their education journey prior to and after arriving at EMU. Assignments, activities, and gatherings will introduce the four Core portfolio themes of Faith and Ethics, Intercultural Understanding, Power and Equity, and Sustainability. Students will develop resumes, set up their EMU portfolios, and earn EMU experience points towards their first EMU Engage credit as they attend events of their choice for class. Available only to transfer students. (Not offered in 2024-25).

CORE 302 University Research (1 SH)

This course is recommended for transfer students who have fulfilled their College Writing requirement prior to enrollment at EMU. Students participate in a guided study to be oriented to EMU's digital resources and research expectations as they complete a single research project. Students complete the study within 4-7 weeks during the first or second session of their first semester.

CORE 401 Senior Seminar (2 SH)

This team-taught course provides an opportunity for students to reflect on their life journeys and synthesize their undergraduate experience as they consider their transition from EMU. The course focuses on identity formation, the process of being and becoming, and finding voice. A chosen theme frames volitional and reflective inquiry. Registration is limited to students in their final year of enrollment.

CORE 402 Senior Portfolio (1 SH)

In this course, to be taken in their final semester on campus, students will connect with a group of seniors from across the university and a member of the staff, administration, or faculty as they curate the materials in their portfolio and craft narratives about their time at EMU. Students will update resumes, create outward-facing versions of their portfolios, and consider how they would respond to interview questions related to EMU Core outcomes with examples from their time at EMU. This course may also provide a space for students to explore content related to stewardship, leadership, and basics of survival after college. Curriculum to be developed in collaboration with Career Services and in consultation with the Writing Program Director.

CS 145 Introduction to Programming (2 SH)

This course provides an introduction to the basic concepts of programming, problem-solving, and design techniques using the object-oriented language Python.
Core: TI

CS 155 Programming in Python (2 SH)

Students will apply basic programming concepts with more extensive programs and create a final project of the student's choice in Python. Prerequisite: CS 145 or other programming experience.
Core: TI

CS 245 Programming in Java (2 SH)

Students will apply basic programming concepts, while introducing the Java language. Prerequisite: CS 145 or other programming experience.

CS 255 Intermediate Programming (2 SH)

An introduction to structured object-oriented programming techniques using the Java programming language. Students will write Java programs to implement a variety of algorithms for searching, sorting, and numerical computations. Input/output will use the console and graphical user interface components, text files, and image files. Prerequisite: CS 245 or other Java programming experience.

CS 265 Databases and Information Management (2 SH)

A course in the design and querying of database systems. Topics include design principles, normalization, entity relationship models, and use of SQL for database access and management. Previous programming experience recommended.

CS 315 Network Security (2 SH)

This course will cover technologies and systems to learn how to build, manage and protect large and complex networks. Students will understand the emerging technologies and business models of a leading-edge evolving cyber environment. The course content prepares students for relevant certifications in the field. (Spring 2025)

CS 325 Web and Platform Applications (2 SH)

A project-based course exploring the design of database-backed interactive web sites and applications. Students will use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and libraries to build the client side along with SQL and various
back-end platform technologies to build the corresponding server side of a web site or application. Prerequisites: CE 165 and CS 265. (Fall 2025)

CS 330-335 Topics in Computing (2-4 SH)

The department will offer at least one Topics course each year with the content based on the areas of interest of current students and faculty. The course may be taken for credit repeatedly since the content will vary from year to year. Topics may include: theory of computation, numerical analysis, modeling and simulation, graphics, computer animation, computer vision, advanced algorithmic analysis, cryptography, parallel algorithms, artificial intelligence, robotics, smart phone technology, hypermedia development, language translation systems, and functional programming.

CS 345 Data Structures (2 SH)

Basic data structures are introduced in this course, including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, etc. Students are required to implement various data structures. Prerequisite: CS 255.

CS 355 Advanced Data Structures (2 SH)

This course continues the topics covered in CS 345 with data structures such as trees and other graphs. An introduction to basic algorithm analysis and design techniques, including divide-and-conquer and greedy algorithms. Prerequisites: CS 345 and MATH 170. (Spring 2025)

CS 365 System Administration (2 SH)

An overview of the management and maintenance of organizational computing infrastructure including hardware, operating system, network, database and application software. Topics include installation, configuration, routine maintenance tasks, client/server application management, automation, and user support. Prerequisites: CE 165 and CS 265. (Spring 2026)
Core: WI

CS 445 Analysis of Algorithms (2 SH)

A more in-depth look at algorithms including dynamic programming, network flow, and an exploration of NP completeness. Prerequisite: CS 355. (Spring 2025)
Core: CI

CS 455 Programming Languages (2 SH)

The formal study of programming language design and specification. Design principles are emphasized and evaluated in the context of the historical development of computing languages. Topics include design principles, study of actual languages, the run-time environment, translation, and programming in various programming languages and paradigms. Prerequisite: CS 345. (Fall 2025)

CS 460 Big Data Analysis (4 SH)

Rapid advances in digital sensors, networks, storage, and computation, along with their availability at low cost, are leading to the creation of large data sets. This course provides an introduction to the definitions, principles, and defacto standard and industrial frameworks for handling these large datas. Among the multitude of software platforms, the course will utilize Hadoop, Spark, Pig, and ROOT, and will interact with Python and C++ programming to resolve practical problems and experiment with data-analysis algorithms. (Fall 2025)
Core: CI

CS 475 Capstone Project (2 SH)

This course provides a platform for senior students to work on a semester-long, team project under the guidance of CS or engineering faculty mentors. Prerequisite: CE 375.

CS 488 Computer Science Internship (1-3 SH)

Work experience gives students an opportunity to gain valuable practical experience. Consulting with the faculty advisor guides them in integrating theory and practice to maximize learning. Travel and other expenses are the student's responsibility. Internship opportunities are available through EMU's Washington Community Scholars' Center and organizations in the Harrisonburg area. Grading is on a pass/fail basis. Prerequisite: junior or senior status.
Core: CE

CS 499 Independent Study/Research (1-3 SH)

Individual study in an advanced topic in computer science. Requirements normally include the preparation of a research paper to be presented at a departmental seminar. Open to juniors and seniors. Prerequisite: faculty approval. 

ECON 201 Survey of Economics (3 SH)

An introductory economics course to help students understand economic policy and how/ why goods and services are produced, distributed, and consumed. In addition to learning the tools and methods of economic analysis, this course examines the mechanisms, controls, and limits of economic activity in society and the interplay between markets, governments, and nature. Economics is a field and discipline (like sociology or psychology) that tries to explain why people, governments and countries do what they do; consequently, it is an important part of a liberal arts education. This is an introductory economics course for non-economics majors. This course is typically taught in-person during fall semesters and online/asynchronous during the summer term.
Core: SB

ECON 211 Principles of Microeconomics (3 SH)

An introduction to the forces affecting the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services by households and businesses and their interaction with government. It also examines the strengths and limitations of the market system.
Core: SB

ECON 212 Principles of Macroeconomics (3 SH)

An introduction to economics as a way of thinking with a focus on understanding how the economy as a whole functions. Major topics include economic growth, unemployment, and inflation in a mixed market system.
Core: SB

ECON 300 Environmental and Ecological Economics (3 SH)

Students will study many of the "gifts of nature" and how these scarce resources are used, and sometimes abused, by human activity. Students will review a wide variety of topics, primarily through the lens of economic analysis, learning the methods and tools necessary to measure resource flow and value. Most ecological issues, however, are inherently interdisciplinary; therefore social, political, scientific, moral, and theological perspectives will also be part of integrated learning. Integrated throughout the course will be filters to discover how markets allocate natural resources, why and how governments intervene in markets on environmental grounds, the appropriateness and effectiveness of public policies in this area, and testing knowledge and learning against benchmarks of overall and global sustainability. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211 or ECON 212, or consent of the instructor. (Spring 2025)
Core: CI

ECON 311 Contemporary Economic Issues (3 SH)

This course examines the economic aspects of contemporary and controversial issues with social, political, and/or environmental implications. Topics may include deficits and debt, social security, the environment and energy policy, and healthcare, among others. Students will use economic theory, tools, and empirical analysis to identify, compare, and debate policy options that address the many dimensions of these issues while they also refine their own positions and arguments. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211 or ECON 212, or consent of the instructor. (Spring 2026)
Core: WI

ECON 331 History of Economic Thought (3 SH)

Survey of the various perspectives and writers on the development of economic thought. Examines the historical context from which the various perspectives arose and the role each played in shaping contemporary economic views. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211 or ECON 212 or consent of instructor.

ECON 341 Intermediate Microeconomics (3 SH)

Intermediate level analysis of supply and demand and the role of the price mechanism in organizing economic activity. Includes an evaluation of efficiency and equity issues. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211. (Fall 2024)

ECON 342 Intermediate Macroeconomics (3 SH)

Intermediate level analysis of the determinants of national income, output, employment, interest rates and the price level. Examines problems and policies related to unemployment, inflation, growth, and debt within the global economy. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 212. (Fall 2025)

ECON 401 Development Economics (3 SH)

An investigation into the choices of low-income countries that seek development and growth. Explores theories of development and underdevelopment. Tools of economic analysis are applied to development issues. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211 or ECON 212.
Core: WI

ECON 411 International Economics (3 SH)

A study of the theory and methods of international trade and how trade is financed emphasizing the applied aspects of trade policy. Examines the causes and consequences of free trade and trade barriers, foreign exchange, factor movements, financial markets and instruments, and balance of payments. Prerequisite: ECON 201 or ECON 211 or ECON 212. (BUAD 441) (Fall 2024)

ECON 481 Economics Internship (1-3 SH)

Work experience designed to integrate practice and theory, to give economics majors insight into current policies, procedure, and problems in all types of organizations. Frequent consultation with and written reports to the faculty advisor guide the student's experience. Travel and personal expenses are the student's responsibility. Can be taken during the summer. Grading is on a Pass/Fail basis. This is highly recommended for economics majors. Prerequisite: Admission to the program, junior or senior standing, and a program GPA of at least 2.7. The internship coordinator must approve the internship before it commences.
Core: CE

ECON 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

ED 101 Exploring Teaching (2 SH)

An exploratory course designed to provide the student a means for self-assessment as a potential teacher. Learning activities include active engagement, participation in school settings, and pedagogies centered on an ethic of care, restorative justice in education, constructivism, reflective practice, and expanding literacies for the 21^st century. (A 20-hour practicum is included. 1 SH content; 1 SH practicum)
Core: CE

ED 221 Professional Field Experience (Early Childhood) (2 SH)

A participatory experience in nursery or preschools. Required reading and seminars. Travel expenses are the student's responsibility. Prerequisite: permission from program director.

ED 235 Curriculum and Organization in Early Education (4 SH)

Surveys elementary school curriculum with an emphasis on the priorities and developmentally appropriate instructional practices of early childhood educators. Introduces the critical skills of daily, weekly, and long-term lesson planning, the integration of the arts into the core curricula, and the importance of school/home/community relationships. Includes a 20-hour practicum in a pre-school setting. Prerequisite or corequisite: ED 101. (3 SH content; 1 SH practicum)
Core: WI

ED 245 Learning and Classroom Environments (3 SH)

Focuses on the development of classroom environments that facilitate effective learning for learners. Topics include theories about learning, motivation, creating safe learning environments, positive behavior supports, interventions, and the physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development of learners.

ED 252 Learning and Classroom Environments Professional Field Experience (6-12) (1 SH)

A 40-hour professional field experience that focuses on observations and participatory experiences in grades 6-12. Grading is on a pass/fail basis. Corequisite: ED 245.
Core: CE

ED 275 Instructional Technology and Assessment (3 SH)

Addresses the design and implementation of technology-enhanced instruction, and the application of technology to assess and monitor learner performance. Topics include principles and practices of effective assessment, the relationship between instruction and assessment, grading systems and practices, and using assessment data to improve instruction and learner performance. Education majors/minors only.
Core: TI

ED 301 Creating Inclusive Classrooms (3 SH)

Addresses the teaching of students with diverse and special needs, including disabilities. Concepts of gender, sexuality, ethnic, racial, linguistic, economic, and religious diversity will also be explored in relation to methods for differentiating instruction. Inclusive settings, family-school communication, and an integrated services approach are examined. In addition to learning about differentiation, and ways to differentiate in order to meet the needs of all learners, much of this course will be about developing a disposition that motivates that type of differentiation.

ED 331, 332, 333 Curriculum Block

Curriculum Block is comprised of ED 331, 332, 333 (4 SH content; 2 SH practicum) which provide foundations of curriculum development and implementation. Coursework is integrated with a 60-hour practicum experience in K-6 classrooms with a focus on local, state, and national curriculum standards. Introduces methods of teaching mathematics in grades K-6 with significant attention to planning, instruction and assessment activities which are responsive to the needs of diverse learners.

ED 331 Math in the Elementary School (2 SH)

This course introduces methods of teaching mathematics in grades K-6 with emphasis on planning, instruction, and assessment activities which are responsive to the needs of all students. Teacher candidates will be involved in exploration, development, and practical applications of inquiry, discovery, directed teaching, use of manipulatives, and other activities designed to prepare them for teaching mathematics in elementary schools. The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) standards and Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) provide the content framework. Prerequisites: ED 235, ED 245 and a cumulative GPA of 2.5.

ED 332 Science in the Elementary School (2 SH)

This course introduces methods of teaching science in grades K-6 which emphasize planning, instruction, and assessment activities that point to an inquiry-based approach. National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) themes and Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) provide the content framework. Teacher candidates will be involved in exploration, development, and practical applications of inquiry, discovery, directed teaching, and use of hands-on/minds-on activities designed to prepare them for teaching science in elementary schools. Prerequisites: ED 235, ED 245 and a cumulative GPA of 2.5.

ED 333 Social Studies in the Elementary School (2 SH)

This course introduces methods of teaching social studies in the elementary school. National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) themes and Virginia Standards of Learning (SOLs) provide the content framework. Candidates design a culturally responsive curriculum unit incorporating social studies facts, concepts, and generalizations. Candidates map social studies curriculum, develop units, and create lesson plans. Candidates additionally present lessons to the class and during a 60-hour field experience. Candidates explore why and how to teach social studies that leads to citizens who care deeply and act decisively. Prerequisites: ED 235, ED 245 and a cumulative GPA of 2.5.

ED 341, 342, 343 Literacy Block

Literacy Block is comprised of ED 341, 342, 343 (5 SH content; 2 SH practicum) which is designed for students who plan to teach in PreK-6. The 7-hour block of courses with a 60-hour practicum explores the development of spoken and written language and traces the development of literacy from birth through pre-adolescence. Understanding the social and cultural contexts for language learning both at home and at school and knowing the cognitive and psychological factors that exist at various stages of development form the basis for planning the curriculum at school. Practica provides opportunities to integrate and apply course content in a classroom setting.

ED 341 Language Arts (2 SH)

This course examines appropriate strategies to assist diverse readers in constructing meaning from text and ways to use technology to improve literacy skills. Strategies are developed for organizing and using space, time and materials to promote the development of a literate environment. Includes a 20-hour practicum in an elementary classroom. Prerequisite: Admission to Teacher Education.

ED 342 Literacy Assessment and Instruction (3 SH)

This course explores the research- and evidence-based elements of the science of reading. This includes phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, orthography and vocabulary development, comprehension, and writing in literacy instruction. Students utilize various assessment tools to assess literacy development and to design appropriate literacy instruction for diverse learners. Students assess one child’s literacy development to plan and implement appropriate instruction, including communication with caregivers. Includes a 20-hour practicum in an elementary tutoring setting. Prerequisite: Admission to Teacher Education. 
Core:  CE

ED 343 Content Area Reading and Writing (2 SH)

This course focuses on processes of reading and writing with the Virginia English Standards of
Learning as the framework for instruction. Strategies involving reading and writing across all
content areas are demonstrated, explored, and practiced to meet diverse learner needs. Vocabulary development, writing skills and assessment strategies for socially just teaching are
emphasized. Includes a 20-hour practicum in an elementary classroom. Prerequisite: Admission to Teacher Education.

ED 351 General Curriculum and Methods for Middle and Secondary Teaching (1 SH)

This course is designed for students preparing to teach in the middle and/or secondary school (grades 6-12) setting, and builds upon skill development and experiences from previously completed education and special methods courses. Students within this course explore lesson design, individualized and collaborative learning methods, the use of a variety of teaching and assessment strategies, classroom organization and motivation, and instructional strategies to meet the needs of a diverse student population. Prerequisites: ED 245 and admission to Teacher Education.

ED 361 Secondary Methods Professional Field Experience (1 SH)

The professional block for Secondary Education is comprised of three courses: ED 351 General Curriculum & Methods for Middle and Secondary Teaching, ED 361 Secondary Methods Professional Field Experience (a practicum within a classroom), and ED 385 Content Area Methods for Middle and Secondary Teaching. The instructional team of ED 361 consists of the PFE instructor, the ED 385 EMU professor(s) with 6-12 content area expertise, and the classroom practicum teacher. The PFE instructor will work with you, your classroom practicum teacher, and the ED 385 professor(s) to ensure that your field experience is a positive one. Prerequisites: ED 245 and admission to Teacher Education. Corequisites: ED 351, ED 385.

ED 385 Content Area Methods for Middle and Secondary Teaching (2 SH)

This course focuses on curriculum and instruction of discipline-specific methodology relevant to the candidate’s licensure area in middle and high schools: 6-12 endorsement in biology, chemistry, computer science, English, history and social science, and mathematics, and PreK-12 endorsement in English as a second language, and health and physical education. Candidates examine the selection, development, and use of research-based, age-appropriate, and culturally relevant curricula and methodologies. Key themes include skill development and application to content-specific lesson planning, assessment, instruction, differentiation, and instructional technology that support and enhance student learning, as well as methods of improving communication and family engagement between schools and families. An instructional team of content experts facilitates instruction of pedagogy and content specific to the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL) and to the Specialized Professional Association standards of the respective licensure area. Prerequisites: ED 245 and admission to Teacher Education. Corequisites: ED 351, ED 361.

ED 395 Reading and Writing in the Content Area (3 SH)

Focuses on processes of language acquisition and reading and writing within the secondary content area. Explores reading and writing within the Virginia English Standards of Learning and a variety of fiction and nonfiction texts that promote literacy in the content areas. Emphasis is placed on understanding reading development, phonemic and phonological awareness, vocabulary development, comprehension strategies, spelling development, and the writing process. Includes a 20-hour practicum in a middle school setting. (2 SH content; 1 SH practicum).

ED 401 Examining Foundations of Education (2 SH)

This course concentrates on issues facing American education today. Utilizing a contextual framework that reflects on the historical, philosophical, and sociological foundations of American education, the student examines, analyzes, synthesizes, and evaluates issues/topics that are currently redefining the American educational system. Focus is on discussion, selections from classical and contemporary educational literature, out-of-class reading, research, and problem-solving strategies. Possibilities for teachers and school systems to foster more just and sustainable communities will be examined. As a capstone to the teacher education program, students will engage with professional materials relating to a number of questions generated through class readings and discussion in order to more deeply explore personal philosophies of education Prerequisite: Admission to Teacher Education.
Core: WI

ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar (1 SH)

This course encourages students to practice the reflective teaching model and provides support for students as they complete their student teaching and prepare for the first years of teaching. Seminar sessions provide opportunities for the creation of the Documentation of Student Learning capstone project during the first student teaching placement, with particular attention given to the impact on student learning. Taken concurrently with student teaching.

ED 421 Student Teaching I-PreK-3 (7 SH)

Designed for prospective early/primary education (PreK-3) and elementary education (PreK-6) teachers. Three integrated components comprise this experience: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the supervised teaching assignment; (2) Two seven-week placements at two different grade levels and daily classroom teaching responsibilities under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participation experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 422 Student Teaching II-PreK-3 (7 SH)

Designed for prospective early/primary education (PreK-3) and elementary education (PreK-6) teachers. Three integrated components comprise this experience: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the supervised teaching assignment; (2) Two seven-week placements at two different grade levels and daily classroom teaching responsibilities under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participation experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 423 Student Teaching II-4-6 (7 SH)

Designed for prospective early/primary education (PreK-3) and elementary education (PreK-6) teachers. Three integrated components comprise this experience: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the supervised teaching assignment; (2) Two seven-week placements at two different grade levels and daily classroom teaching responsibilities under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participation experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 451 Middle School Student Teaching (7 SH)

Consisting of three integrated components: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the student teaching assignment; (2) Two seven-week blocks of actual classroom experience at both middle and high school levels under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participation experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 452 High School Student Teaching (7 SH)

Consisting of three integrated components: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the student teaching assignment; (2) Two seven-week blocks of actual classroom experience at both middle and high school levels under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participation experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 461 Elementary School Student Teaching (PreK-6) (7 SH)

A full semester program for art, English as a second language, health and physical education, foreign language, and music majors consisting of integrated components: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the student teaching assignment; (2) Two seven-week blocks of classroom experience at both elementary and middle or high school levels under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participation experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 462 Middle/High School Student Teaching (6-12) (7 SH)

A full semester program for art, English as a second language, health and physical education, foreign language, and music majors consisting of integrated components: (1) Orientation and participatory experiences during the opening week of school, to be fulfilled in the setting where the student will later complete the student teaching assignment; (2) Two seven- week blocks of classroom experience at both elementary and middle or high school levels under the supervision of a cooperating teacher, including observation, reflection, planning, implementation, evaluation, and conferencing; (3) ED 411 Reflective Teaching Seminar. Spring semester student teachers are required to take orientation and participational experiences during the opening week of school in the fall. Prerequisite: Admission to student teaching.

ED 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

EDS 371 Assessment, Evaluation and Planning in Special Education (3 SH)

This course provides students with an understanding of the foundation of assessment and evaluation related to best practice in special education, including types and characteristics of assessment, introduction to formal and informal assessment, and use of assessments and other information to determine special education eligibility, service delivery, curriculum, and instruction of students with disabilities. The course also includes the application of current legal and ethical issues related to assessment selection and use, including comprehensive evaluation requirements, students with disabilities participation in the state and local accountability systems, assessment options, appropriate grading and testing accommodations, and assessment of students from diverse backgrounds.

EDS 375 IEP Development and Implementation (3 SH)

This course is designed to provide a working knowledge of the eligibility process, legal, and regulatory requirements of IEP (Individualized Education Program) development including timelines, components, team composition, roles, and responsibilities. The student will develop skills to apply knowledge of assessment and evaluation throughout the K-12 grade levels to construct, use, and interpret a variety of standardized and non-standardized data collection techniques; to make decisions about student progress, instructional, program, goal development, accommodations, placement, and teaching methodology for students with disabilities who are accessing the general education curriculum and the Virginia Standards of Learning. The student will be able to demonstrate the use of assessment, evaluation, and other information to develop and implement individual educational planning and group instruction with students with disabilities who are accessing the general education curriculum across the K-12 grade levels.

EDS 381 Special Education Professional Field Experience (2 SH)

This professional field experience is designed to give students teaching experience in a concentrated 2 1/2-week (6-8 hours a day) placement in a full-time educational setting that provides services for students with disabilities accessing the general curriculum in a public or accredited nonpublic school. The course allows students to experience the demands and changing nature of the learning environment from their morning arrival to the end of the work day. Offered summers only

EDS 401 Supporting Positive Classroom Behavior (2 SH)

This course explores current research-based best practices to support positive behavior development in children, particularly those identified as having specific learning and/or behavioral challenges. The restorative justice approach modeled in this course recognizes the hurt generated by misbehavior, and seeks to restore relationships and motivate positive change through accountability structures developed collaboratively by those affected by the misbehavior. The course focuses on culturally sensitive strategies to prevent harmful behaviors and explores research and best practice interventions for reoccurring behavior.

EDS 499 Independent Study (1-3 SH)

ENGL 210 Reading Fiction (2 SH)

Exploring a mix of older and recent novels and short stories, this course will equip students with the skills they need to enjoy, be surprised by, and learn from fiction.
Core: LI

ENGL 250 Reading Poetry (2 SH)

Focusing mainly on the work of contemporary poets, this course will equip students with the skills they need to enjoy, be surprised by, and learn from poetry. (Fall 2024)
Core: LI

ENGL 261 Global Literatures 1: Gods and Monsters (2 SH)

In this survey course spanning some of the earliest written documents to those published in the early 1600s, students will encounter thinkers who anticipated many of our own questions about meaning and our place in the universe. Who, if Anyone, created us, and what are our resulting obligations? How do we live in relation to our past? Where are we going, literally and metaphorically? Readings will reflect the instructor’s expertise, but texts may include The Epic of Gilgamesh, the book of Job, the Odyssey, Antigone, Paul’s letter to the church at Rome, The Ramayana, The Canterbury Tales, The Arabian Nights, Journey to the West, Lazarillo de Tormes, and King Lear. Students may attend the 200-level version class twice weekly for two credits or intensify to a 300-level three-credit course by attending a third weekly class meeting and completing additional assignments. Students may not enroll in both courses. (Spring 2025)
Core: LI

ENGL 262 Global Literatures 2: Freedom and Loss (2 SH)

Featuring literature published between 1600 and 1850, this second in a series of global literature courses also functions as a stand-alone offering and considers readings associated with political revolution, freedom, grief and loss, exploration, enlightenment, and colonialism. Selections will reflect the instructor’s expertise, but representative texts include The Aztec-Spanish Dialogues, The Tempest, The Ausbund, Paradise Lost, and The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano; selected poetry by Matsuo Basho, Phillis Wheatley, William Wordsworth, and John Keats; and novels such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey. Students may attend the 200-level version class twice weekly for two credits or intensify to a 300-level three-credit course by attending a third weekly class meeting and completing additional assignments. Students may not enroll in both courses.
Core: LI

ENGL 263 Global Literatures 3: Intimacy and Independence (2 SH)

As the global literature sequence’s third offering or a course to be taken on its own, “Intimacy and Independence” focuses on select works of literature published between 1850 and the present that explore the precarious balance between personal autonomy and fruitful relationship. Selections will reflect the instructor’s expertise, but representative writers include Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, Fyodor Dostovsky, Leo Tolstoy, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Ella Carla Deloria, Pablo Neruda, Lorraine Hansberry, Miriama Ba, and Uwem Akpan. Students may attend the 200-level version class twice weekly for two credits or intensify to a 300-level three-credit course by attending a third weekly class meeting and completing additional assignments. Students may not enroll in both courses. (Fall 2024)
Core: LI